HUMAN INFLUENCES ON THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN VEGETATION

Abstract

This paper analyzes the human influence on the Mediterranean vegetation. Following an introduction on the general characteristics, typology, history and fragility of the Mediterranean vegetation, the different human activities that have influence on it are presented in chronological order, divided into two main groups. One group analyzes the “soft” actions, such as the traditional agricultural and silvipastoral practices. The other group includes “severe” actions, such as the alterations produced by works at a great scale which are hardly reversible (public works, industrial activities, airports and pleasure harbours). Fire is considered in an intermediate position. From the beginning of civilizations to now, fire has undoubtedly been one of the major factors in the configuration of the Mediterranean landscape. Finally the need for the conservation of the Mediterranean ecosystems is stressed.