A disaggregated analysis of the impact of the pandemic on tourist overnight stays in Spain
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Abstract
Generic statements about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism hide very diverse realities. The objective of this work is to carry out a disaggregated analysis of the impact that the pandemic has had on tourist overnight stays in Spain, considering the structure of demand by type of accommodation at the regional level. We hypothesize that this impact has been more intense in hotels, where it is more difficult to maintain social distance, and that, consequently, depending on the specialization of each region in a certain segment of tourist demand, the territorial impact has also been different. A shift-share analysis is applied to the years 2019 and 2021, with data on overnight stays in hotels, tourist apartments, rural accommodation, campsites and hostels of the Autonomous Communities. The results confirm that the overnight stays that fell the most were those made in hotels and tourist apartments; and that, on this basis, the pandemic had a clearly differentiated territorial impact. Albeit with some logical qualifications, it could be stated that the regions specialized in rural tourism or related to nature have experienced a less pronounced reduction in tourist demand.
Keywords: COVID-19; tourist demand; shift-share analysis; Spanish regions
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