A Historical Synthesis on Lagaš and the archaeological excavations at Tell al-Hiba/Lagaš (Iraq)

Abstract

We present a synthesis of data published by specialists on Lagaš, a region of notable importance in Mesopotamia. Located in the south of present-day Iraq, Tell al-Hiba was one of the most significant and prosperous urban centres of the Sumerian period. The history of the dynasties of Lagaš dates back to the 3rd millennium BC, when some of the most important ensi2 of this civilisation, Gudea or UruKAgina, came to prominence. During this period the city underwent a remarkable development in terms of political, economic and cultural influence, promoting the construction of temples, monuments and canal systems. Archaeological research has been instrumental in the reconstruction of this site. Excavations have revealed unique structures such as the Nin-Girsu Temple, tablets and inscriptions that provided detailed information on the political organisation and life of Lagashita society. In addition, the finds include tombs and grave goods that have provided further insight into funerary practices and beliefs. In short, Lagaš stands as a region with a pivotal role in the early history of Mesopotamia. Today the archaeological site continues to reveal interesting data that continues to enrich our understanding of ancient Mesopotamia and of this city.