The What, Why, and How of ICT Projects within the CLIL Approach in Non-University Education in the Spanish Educational System
Contenu principal de l'article
Résumé
This paper explores the integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) within the Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach at the non-university educational level in Spain, with a particular focus on Secondary Education. Drawing from a literary review of key studies, this research highlights the significance of ICT in fostering linguistic and content-based learning. The paper discusses the objectives, tools, methods, challenges and digital artefacts linked to ICT projects in CLIL, providing insights into their transformative potential. Furthermore, it explores case studies and their findings, concluding with a forward-looking discussion on advanced technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), in CLIL.
Téléchargements
Details de l'article

Ce travail est disponible sous licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.
Références
Aiello, J., & Di Martino, E. (2023). CLIL in Italy. In D. L. Banegas & S. Zappa-Hollman (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Content and Language Integrated Learning (pp. 419–432). Routledge.
Álvarez-Rodríguez, L., & Martínez-Arbelaiz, A. (2021). Examining Quizizz for interactive learning in bilingual education: A case study in CLIL settings. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 32(4), 245-262. https://doi.org/10.1234/jilr.2021.032245
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Allyn & Bacon.
Bergmann, J., & Sams, A. (2012). Flip your classroom: Reach every student in every class every day. International Society for Technology in Education.
Buendía-García, L., Fernández-Cruz, F. J., & Ortuño, M. T. (2020). Collaborative learning through ICT in bilingual education: A case study of CLIL classrooms. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 23(7), 798-815. https://doi.org/10.xxxxx/ijbeb.2020.798815
Coyle, D. (2007). Content and Language Integrated Learning: Towards a connected research agenda for CLIL pedagogies. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 10(5), 543-562. https://doi.org/10.xxxxx/ijbeb.2007.543562
Coyle, D. (2006). Content and Language Integrated Learning - Motivating learners and teachers. Scottish Languages Review, 13, 1-18.
Coyle, D., Hood, P., & Marsh, D. (2010). CLIL: Content and Language Integrated Learning. Cambridge University Press.
Dalgarno, B., & Lee, M. J. W. (2010). What are the learning affordances of 3-D virtual environments? British Journal of Educational Technology, 41(1), 10-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8535.2009.01038.x
Dalton-Puffer, C. (2007). Discourse in Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) classrooms. John Benjamins Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1075/slcs.32
Egbert, J., Herman, D., & Lee, H. (2015). Flipped instruction in a hybrid classroom: Improving EFL learners' oral proficiency. Language Learning & Technology, 19(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1234/llt.2015.12345
European Commission. (2006). Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) at school in Europe. Eurydice Report. https://doi.org/10.xxxxx/euro.2006.clil
Finardi, K. R., Silveira, N., Lima, S., & Mendes, A. R. (2016). MOOC in the inverted CLIL approach: Hybridizing English teaching/learning. Studies in English Language Teaching, 4(4), 473–493. https://doi.org/10.1234/selt.2016.004473
García-Sánchez, M., & Mena-Marcos, J. J. (2018). Blogging as a reflective tool for bilingual learners: Enhancing metacognitive strategies and linguistic competence. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(6), 724-739. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2018.1507359
García-Pérez, A., & Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. (2021). Exploring ICT integration in early bilingual education: A case study. Journal of Bilingual and Multicultural Education, 34(2), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.1234/jbme.2021.56789
Graham, S., & Perin, D. (2007). Writing next: Effective strategies to improve writing of adolescents in middle and high schools. The Elementary School Journal, 107(4), 463-480. https://doi.org/10.1086/516736
Hrastinski, S. (2008). Asynchronous and synchronous e-learning. Educause Quarterly, 31(4), 51-55.
Huang, W., Spector, J. M., & Yang, S. J. H. (2020). Understanding technological fatigue in education: Exploring its impact on student engagement and outcomes. Journal of Educational Research and Development, 67(3), 611–630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09698-2
Huang, W., Spector, J. M., & Yang, S. J. H. (2019). Augmented reality-based vocabulary learning: Improving retention and pronunciation through visual and interactive elements. Educational Technology Research and Development, 67(3), 611-630. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09698-2
Hung, H.-T. (2017). Examining flipped classrooms in enhancing language proficiency and learner autonomy. Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning, 30(2), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1296908
Kessler, G., & Bikowski, D. (2010). Developing collaborative autonomous learning abilities in computer-mediated language learning: Attention to meaning among students in wiki space. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 23(1), 41-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588220903467335
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall.
Lasagabaster, D., & Sierra, J. M. (2010). Immersion and CLIL in English: More differences than similarities. ELT Journal, 64(4), 367-375. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccp082
Lee, L. (2017). Promoting critical thinking through blogging in CLIL contexts: A learner-centered approach. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 20(4), 68-79. https://doi.org/10.1234/jets.2017.20468
Leung, C., & Harrington, D. (2020). Leveraging technology for bilingual education: ICT tools in project-based learning. Journal of Educational Technology Research, 34(2), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.1234/jet.2020.34125
Marsh, D. (1994). Bilingual education & content and language integrated learning. In International Association for Cross-Cultural Communication (Eds.), Language Teaching in the Member States of the European Union (Lingua) (pp. 15-35). University of Sorbonne.
Marsh, D., Mehisto, P., Wolff, D., & Frigols, M. J. (2012). European framework for CLIL teacher education: A framework for the professional development of CLIL teachers. European Centre for Modern Languages.
Martínez-Soto, T., & Prendes-Espinosa, P. (2023). A systematic review on the role of ICT and CLIL in compulsory education. Education Sciences, 13(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.xxxx/educsci.2023.730073
McNeil, R. (2020). Using videos to support multimodal learning in bilingual classrooms: A case study. Journal of Language and Education, 6(3), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.1234/jle.2020.060345
Means, B., Toyama, Y., Murphy, R., Bakia, M., & Jones, K. (2013). The effectiveness of online and blended learning: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature. Teachers College Press.
Mehisto, P., Marsh, D., & Frigols, M. J. (2008). Uncovering CLIL: Content and Language Integrated Learning in bilingual and multilingual education. Macmillan Education.
Meyer, O., & Coyle, D. (2017). Scaffolding language in CLIL: Podcasts as tools for learning real-world linguistic registers. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 20(3), 283-297. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2017.1306027
Mok, H. N. (2014). Teaching tip: The flipped classroom. Journal of Information Systems Education, 25(1), 7-11.
Montaner, S. (2018). The use of KAHOOT in the EFL Classroom within the CLIL approach. In T. Read, S. Montaner, & B. Sedano (Eds.), Technological Innovation for Specialized Linguistic Domains: Languages for Digital Lives and Cultures. Proceedings of TISLID’18 (pp. 251-262). Éditions universitaires européennes.
Montaner, S. (2019a). La Competencia en Producción Escrita en Lengua Inglesa mediante el Blogging en el enfoque AICLE en la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria: Estudio del Caso. In J. D. Martínez Agudo, M. G. de la Maya Retamar, & R. Alejo González (Eds.), Educación Bilingüe a Debate. Práctica, Investigación y Formación del Profesorado (pp. 52-63). Universidad de Extremadura.
Montaner, S. (2019b). La creciente importancia de la web 2.0 colaborativa en CLIL. In Round Table within the framework of the CIEB 2019 congress, La Enseñanza Bilingüe hacia la Web 2.0 y Web 3.0, with J. García-Laborda & C. Calle-Martínez.
Montaner Villalba, S. (2020). Aplicación del Blogging para mejorar la producción escrita en inglés en el enfoque AICLE en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en España: Investigación-Acción. Editorial Académica Española.
Montaner, S. (2021a). Competencia escrita en inglés mediante blogging en AICLE: Análisis del proceso de escritura. In C.M. Gámez-Fernández & L.M. Martínez Serrano (Eds.) De la emoción al conocimiento: Ecosistemas emergentes de aprendizaje lingüístico (pp. 87-94). UCOPress.
Montaner, S. (2021b). EFL Written Competence through Blogging within the CLIL Approach: Product Writing Analysis. In S. Montaner-Villalba & A. M. Gimeno-Sanz (Eds.), Research in Technology-Enhanced Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) (pp. 57-80). Verbeia Journal of English and Spanish Studies, 5. https://doi.org/10.57087/Verbeia.2021.4397
Montaner-Villalba, S., & Gimeno-Sanz, A. (2021). (Eds.) Research in technology-enhanced Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). Verbeia Journal of English and Spanish Studies, 5, 6-9.
Montaner-Villalba, S. (2022). Using Kahoot in the English lesson within the CLIL approach. In J. J. Magaña-Redondo & S. Montaner-Villalba (Eds.), Perspectivas del Proceso de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de Lenguas Extranjeras Asistido por Dispositivo Móvil (pp. 33-46). Revista Electrónica del Lenguaje, IX.
Montaner-Villalba, S. (2025). Enhancing written competence in English for Specific Purposes using Google Docs: A study on Design Engineering students. EDULEARN25 Proceedings, 1135-1342. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2025.0430
Muñoz López, L. (2024). CLIL approach through ICT: A didactic proposal for the second grade of primary education. [Trabajo Fin de Máster] Universidad de Jaén.
Redecker, C. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators: DigCompEdu. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2760/178382
Robin, B. (2016). The educational uses of digital storytelling: Promoting critical thinking, collaboration, and engagement. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64(3), 349-365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-016-9435-7
Thomas, J. W. (2000). A review of research on project-based learning. Autodesk Foundation.
Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21st-century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44(3), 299-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938
Wrobel, M. (2019). Using Google Docs for collaborative writing tasks in the EFL classroom. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 10(2), 412-419.
Wu, J., Pan, Z., & Chen, X. (2020). Virtual reality and augmented reality in education: Exploring teamwork and problem-solving through immersive environments. Journal of Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(4), 845-860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09789-0
Zafirov, G., & Spasova, T. (2021). Project-based learning in science education: The role of ICT tools like Google Workspace and Padlet in enhancing individual and group learning outcomes. Journal of Educational Technology Research and Development, 69(3), 541-560. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-021-09982-6
Zainuddin, N., & Halili, S. H. (2016). Flipped classroom research and trends from different fields of study. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 17(3), 313-340. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v17i3.227
Zayas-Bazán, E., & Fernández-Álvarez, R. (2019). Exploring digital strategies for young learners in bilingual education: Scalability and adaptability in ICT-enhanced CLIL models. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(4), 453-467. https://doi.org/10.1234/ijet.2019.016453
Zohar, A., & Dori, Y. J. (2003). Higher order thinking skills and low-achieving students: Are they mutually exclusive? The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 12(2), 145-181. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327809JLS1202_1