A Third Latin Translation of Ibn al-Ṣaffār’s Treatise on the Uses of the Astrolabe

Main Article Content

C. Philipp E. Nothaft
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7454-8058

Abstract

This article addresses the contents of the twelfth-century fascicle contained in MS Lyon, Palais des Arts, 45, which is largely devoted to texts on computus and the astrolabe. Included among the latter are 24 anonymous chapters on astrolabe use, which appear to stem from a previously unrecorded translation of Ibn al-Ṣaffār’s Kitāb fī-l-ʿamal bi-l-asṭurlāb (Book on the Uses of the Astrolabe). This would make the chapters in the Lyon manuscript the third such translation to come to light after the well-known twelfth-century translations by John of Seville and Plato of Tivoli. The article includes an edition of the text in question as well as two further appendices providing a breakdown of its content as well as a description of the Lyon fascicle.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Nothaft, C. P. E. (2023). A Third Latin Translation of Ibn al-Ṣaffār’s Treatise on the Uses of the Astrolabe. Mediterranea, International Journal on the Transfer of Knowledge, 8, 377–412. https://doi.org/10.21071/mijtk.v8i.15281
Section
Articles

References

Manuscripts

Barcelona, Archivo de la Corona de Aragón, Ripoll 225

Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, lat. qu. 198

Bern, Burgerbibliothek, 196

El Escorial, Real Biblioteca del Monasterio de San Lorenzo, ár. 964

Lyon, Palais des Arts, 45

Madrid, Biblioteca nacional de España, 6036

Madrid, Biblioteca nacional de España, 10053

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Digby 51

Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, lat. 7412

Toledo, Archivo y Biblioteca Capítulares, 98-27

Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ottob. lat. 309

Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 596

Vich, Museo Episcopal, 167

Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 2462

Printed Sources

Bede, De natura rerum, in Bedae Venerabilis Opera, pars I: Opera didascalia, vol. I, ed. Charles W. Jones, Brepols, Turnhout 1975 (Corpus Christianorum Series Latina, 123A), p. 189–234.

De cursu Solis per menses et signa: qualiter bissextilem diem quarto suo compleat anno, in Bedae Venerabilis Opera, pars VI: Opera didascalia, vol. III, ed. Charles W. Jones, Turnhout 1980 (Corpus Christianorum Series Latina, 123C), p. 649–653.

De magnitudine ambitus universi orbis, in Patrologia latina, vol. CXLIII, Migne, Paris 1853, col. 408A–C.

De utilitatibus astrolabii, in Gerberti postea Silvestri II papae Opera Mathematica (972–1003), ed. Nicolaus Bubnov, Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin 1899, p. 114–147.

Excerptum de astrologia Arati, in Ernestus Maass (ed.), Commentariorum in Aratum reliquiae, Weidmann, Berlin 1898, p. 309–312.

Geometria incerti auctoris, in Gerberti postea Silvestri II papae Opera Mathematica (972–1003), ed. Nicolaus Bubnov, Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin 1899, p. 317–365.

Helperic of Grandval, Liber de computo, in Bernhard Pez (ed.), Thesaurus anecdotorum novissimus, vol. II, Augsburg: Veith, 1721, pt. 2, col. 181–222; repr. in Patrologia latina, vol. CXXXVII, Migne, Paris, 1853, col. 17B–48D.

Hermann of Reichenau, De mensura astrolabii, in Julius Drecker, « Hermannus Contractus: Über das Astrolab », Isis, 16 (1931), p. 200–219 (203–212).

Hildebertus Cenomannensis Episcopus, Carmina minora, ed. A. Brian Scott, 2nd ed., Saur, Munich 2001, p. 16.

Ibn al-Ṣaffār, Kitāb fī-l-ʿamal bi-l-asṭurlāb, in José Maríá Millás Vallicrosa, « Los primeros tratados de astrolabio en la España árabe », Revista del Instituto Egipcio de Estudios Islámicos en Madrid, 3 (1955), p. 47–76 (Arabic section).

Ibn al-Ṣaffār, Kitāb fī-l-ʿamal bi-l-asṭurlāb, trans. John of Seville, in José Maríá Millás Vallicrosa, Las traducciones orientales en los manuscritos de la Biblioteca Catedral de Toledo, CSIC, Madrid 1942, p. 261–284.

Ibn al-Ṣaffār, Kitāb fī-l-ʿamal bi-l-asṭurlāb, trans. Plato of Tivoli, in Richard Lorch, Gerhard Brey, Stefan Kirschner, Christoph Schöner, « Ibn aṣ-Ṣaffārs Traktat über das Astrolab in der Übersetzung von Plato von Tivoli », in Bernhard Fritscher, Gerhard Brey (eds.), Cosmographica et geographica: Festschrift für Heribert M. Nobis zum 70. Geburtstag, vol. I, Institut für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Munich 1994, p. 125–180 (138–174).

Le calendrier de Cordoue, ed. Reinhart Dozy, Charles Pellat, Brill, Leiden 1961 (Medieval Iberian Peninsula: Texts and Studies, 1).

Liber Alchandrei, in David Juste, Les Alchandreana primitifs: étude sur les plus anciens traités astrologiques latins d’origine arabe (Xe siècle), Brill, Leiden, 2007 (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History, 152), p. 433–472.

Pseudo-Māshā’allāh, On the Astrolabe, ed. and trans. Ron B. Thomson, 2 vol., Volumes Publishing, Waterloo 2022.

Pseudo-Priscian, Carmen de sideribus, in Alexander Riese (ed.), Anthologia Latina sive Poesis Latine supplementum, vol. I.2: Carmina in codicibus scripta, Reliquorum librorum carmina, 2nd ed., Teubner, Leizpig 1906, p. 154–155.

Sententie astrolabii, in José María Millás Vallicrosa, Assaig d’història de les idees físiques i matemàtiques a la Catalunya medieval, vol. I, Institució Patxot, Barcelona 1931 (Estudis Universitaris Catalans: Sèrie Monogràfica, 1), p. 275–288.

Modern authors (after 1789)

Blume, Dieter, Mechthild Haffner, Wolfgang Metzger, Sternbilder des Mittelalters: Der gemalte Himmel zwischen Wissenschaft und Phantasie, vol. II: 1200–1500, de Gruyter, Berlin 2016.

Bergmann, Werner, Innovationen im Quadrivium des 10. und 11. Jahrhunderts: Studien zur Einführung von Astrolab und Abakus im lateinischen Mittelalter, Steiner, Stuttgart 1985 (Sudhoffs Archiv: Beihefte, 26).

Borrelli, Arianna, Aspects of the Astrolabe: ‘Architectonica ratio’ in Tenth- and Eleventh-Century Europe, Steiner, Stuttgart 2008 (Sudhoffs Archiv: Beihefte, 57).

Borst, Arno, Astrolab und Klosterreform an der Jahrtausendwende, Winter, Heidelberg 1989 (Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.-hist. Kl., Jg. 1989, 1).

— Die karolingische Kalenderreform, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hannover 1998 (Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Schriften, 46).

Bubnov, Nicolaus (ed.), Gerberti postea Silvestri II papae Opera Mathematica (972–1003), Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin 1899.

Burnett, Charles, « Ten or Forty? A Confusing Numerical Symbol in the Middle Ages », in Joseph W. Dauben, Stefan Kirschner, Andreas Kühne, Paul Kunitzsch, Richard P. Lorch (eds.), Mathematics Celestial and Terrestrial: Festschrift für Menso Folkerts zum 65. Geburtstag, Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, Halle a. d. Saale 2008 (Acta Historica Leopoldina, 54), p. 81–89.

— « The Roads of Córdoba and Seville in the Transmission of Arabic Science in Western Europe », in Charles Burnett, Pedro Mantas-España (eds.), Mapping Knowledge: Cross-Pollination in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, CNERU / The Warburg Institute / Oriens Academic, Córdoba 2014 (Arabica Veritas, 1), p. 143–152.

— « Time, the Liber floridus and the Science of the Stars in the Twelfth Century », in Patrizia Carmassi (ed.), Time and Science in the Liber floridus of Lambert of Saint-Omer, Brepols, Turnhout 2021 (Les Études du RILMA , 13), p. 169–181.

Carmody, Francis J., Arabic Astronomical and Astrological Sciences in Latin Translation: A Critical Bibliography, University of California Press, Berkeley 1956.

Catalogue général des manuscrits des bibliothèques publiques de France: Départements, vol. 31, Librairie Plon, Paris 1898.

Cesario, Marilina, « Weather Prognostics in Anglo-Saxon England », English Studies, 93 (2012), p. 391–426.

Chardonnens, László Sándor, Anglo-Saxon Prognostics, 900–1100: Study and Texts, Brill, Leiden 2007 (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History, 153).

Christys, Ann, Christians in al-Andalus (711–1000), Routledge, Abingdon 2002.

Forcada, Miquel, « The Kitāb al-anwāʾ of ʿArīb b. Saʿīd and the Calendar of Cordova », in Menso Folkerts, Richard Lorch (eds.), Sic Itur ad Astra: Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften; Festschrift für den Arabisten Paul Kunitzsch zum 70. Geburtstag, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2000, p. 234–251.

Fradejas Rueda, José Manuel, « shadhāniqāt al-balansiyya or shadhāniqāt al-baḥriyya: On the Arabic Text and the Latin Translations of the Calendar of Cordova », in Michèle Goyens, Pieter De Leemans, An Smets (eds.), Science Translated: Latin and Vernacular Translations of Scientific Treatises in Medieval Europe, Leuven University Press, Leuven 2008 (Mediaevalia Lovaniensia, Series I/Studia, 40), p. 59–72.

Gautier Dalché, Patrick, « Le ‘tuyau’ de Gerbert, ou la légende savante de l’astronomie: origines, thèmes, échos contemporains (avec un appendice critique) », Micrologus, 21 (2013), p. 243–276.

Jullien, Marie-Hélène (ed.), Clavis des auteurs du Moyen Âge: territoire français 735–987, vol. III: Faof – Hilduin, Brepols, Turnhout 2010.

Kunitzsch, Paul, « Al-Khwārizmī as a Source for the Sententie astrolabii », in David A. King, George Saliba (eds.), From Deferent to Equant: A Volume of Studies in the History of Science in the Ancient and Medieval Near East in Honor of E.S. Kennedy, New York Academy of Sciences, New York 1987 (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 500), p. 227–236. Reprinted as chapter IX in Id., The Arabs and the Stars: Texts and Traditions on the Fixed Stars, and their Influence in Medieval Europe, Variorum, Northampton 1989.

— « Glossar der arabischen Fachausdrücke in der mittelalterlichen europäischen Astrolabliteratur », Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, phil.-hist. Kl., 1982/11, p. 455–571.

— « On the Authenticity of the Treatise on the Composition and Use of the Astrolabe Ascribed to Messahalla », Archives internationales d’historie des sciences, 31 (1981), p. 42–62. Reprinted as chapter X in Id., The Arabs and the Stars: Texts and Traditions on the Fixed Stars and Their Influence in Medieval Europe, Variorum, Northampton 1989.

— « Traces of a Tenth-Century Spanish-Arabic Astrolabe », Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften, 12 (1998), p. 113–120. Reprinted as chapter XVI in Id., Stars and Numbers: Astronomy and Mathematics in the Medieval Arab and Western Worlds, Ashgate, Aldershot 2004.

Martínez Gázquez, José, « Dicunt experimentatores / Dicunt qui experimento locuti sunt: l’expérience dans les indications du calendrier de Cordoue (10e siècle) », in Thomas Bénatouïl, Isabelle Draelants (eds.), Expertus sum: l’expérience par les sens dans la philosophie naturelle médiévale; actes du colloque international de Pont-à-Mousson (5–7 février 2009), SISMEL—Edizioni del Galluzzo, Florence 2011 (Micrologus’ Library, 40), p. 239–255.

— « El texto del Calendario de Córdoba en el manuscrito Berlín lat. qu. 198 », in Studia in honorem prof. M. de Riquer, vol. IV, Quaderns Crema, Barcelona 1991, p. 657–668.

— « Santoral del calendario del s. XIII contenido en el Liber Regius del Museo Episcopal de Vic », Revista Catalana de Teología, 6 (1981), p. 161–174.

— « ¿Una nueva traducción latina del calendario de Córdoba del 961 en un manuscrito del siglo XIII? », in Unidad y pluralidad en el mundo antiguo: actas del VI Congreso Español de Estudios Clásicos (Sevilla, 6-11 de abril de 1981), vol. II, Editorial Gredoes, Madrid, 1983, p. 373–379.

Martínez Gázquez, José, Julio Samsó, « Una nueva traducción latina del calendario de Cordoba (siglo XIII) », in Juan Vernet (ed.), Textos y estudios sobre astronomía española en el siglo XIII, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 1981, p. 9–78.

Materni, Marta, « Attività scientifiche di Gerberto d’Aurillac », Archivum Bobiense, 29 (2007), p. 225–317.

McCluskey, Stephen C., Astronomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998.

Millás Vallicrosa, José María, Assaig d’història de les idees fisiques i matemàtiques a la Catalunya medieval, vol. I, Institució Patxot, Barcelona 1931 (Estudis Universitaris Catalans: Sèrie Monogràfica, 1).

— Las traducciones orientales en los manuscritos de la Biblioteca Catedral de Toledo, CSIC, Madrid 1942.

— « Sobre un ‘Tratado de astrolabio’ atribuído a R. Abraham Ibn ʿEzra », Sefarad, 4 (1944), p. 31–38.

— « Un nuevo tratado de astrolabio de R. Abraham Ibn ʿEzra », Al-Andalus, 5 (1940), p. 1–29.

Neugebauer, Otto, The Astronomical Tables of Al-Khwārizmī: Translation with Commentaries of the Latin Version ed. by H. Suter, Supplemented by Corpus Christi College MS 283, Munksgaard, København 1962 (Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Historisk-filosofiske Skrifter, 4.2).

Pizzamiglio, Pierluigi (ed.), Gerardo da Cremona, Libreria del Convegno, Cremona 1992 (Annali della Biblioteca statale e libreria civica di Cremona, 41).

Poulle, Emmanuel, « La fabrication des astrolabes au Moyen Âge », Techniques et Civilisations, 4 (1955), p. 117–128.

— « Les instruments astronomiques de l’Occident latin aux XIe et XIIe siècles », Cahiers de civilisation médiévale, 15 (1972), p. 27–40.

— « La littérature astrolabique latine jusqu’au XIIIe siècle », Physis, 32 (1995), p. 227–237.

Puigvert i Planagumà, Gemma, Astronomia i astrologia al monestir de Ripoll: edició i estudi dels manuscrits científics astronomicoastrològics del monestir de Santa Maria de Ripoll, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei de Publicacions, Barcelona 2000.

Rius, Mònica, « Ibn al-Ṣaffār: Abū al-Qāsim Aḥmad ibn Abd Allāh ibn Umar al-Ghāfiqī ibn al-Ṣaffār al-Andalusī », in Thomas Hockey (ed.), The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, vol. II, Springer, New York 2007, p. 566–567.

Rodríguez Arribas, Josefina, « Medieval Jews and Medieval Astrolabes: Where, Why, How, and What For? », in Sacha Stern, Charles Burnett (eds.), Time, Astronomy, and Calendars in the Jewish Tradition, Brill, Leiden 2014 (Time, Astronomy, and Calendars: Texts and Studies, 3), p. 221–271.

Samsó, Julio, « Cultura científica àrab i cultura científica llatina a la Catalunya altmedieval: el monestir de Ripoll i el naixement de la ciència catalana », in Symposium Internacional sobre els orígens de Catalunya (segles VIII–IX), vol. I, Real Academia de Buenas Letras, Barcelona 1991 (Memorias de la Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona, 23), p. 253–269.

— « Nota acerca de cinco manuscritos sobre astrolabio », Al-Andalus, 31 (1966), p. 385–392.

— On Both Sides of the Strait of Gibraltar: Studies in the History of Medieval Astronomy in the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghrib, Brill, Leiden 2020 (Handbook of Oriental Studies, Section One, 144).

— « Sobre los materiales astronómicos en el ‘Calendario de Córdoba’ y en su versión latina del siglo XIII », in Juan Vernet (ed.), Nuevos estudios sobre astronomía española en el siglo de Alfonso X, CSIC, Barcelona, 1983, p. 125–138. Reprinted as chapter V in Id., Islamic Astronomy and Medieval Spain, Variorum, Aldershot, 1994. Reprinted as chapter VII in Id., Astrometeorología y astrología medievales, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 2008.

Samsó, Julio, José Martínez Gázquez, « Algunas observaciones al texto del Calendario de Córdoba », Al-Qanṭara, 2 (1981), p. 319–344. Reprinted as chapter VI in Julio Samsó, Astrometeorología y astrología medievales, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 2008.

Schramm, Martin, Carl-Philipp Albert Schütz, Michael Schütz, Martin Brunold, Martin Germann, « Der Astrolabtext aus der Handschrift Codex 196, Burgerbibliothek Bern—Spuren arabischer Wissenschaft im mittelalterlichen Abendland », Zeitschrift für Geschichte der arabisch-islamischen Wissenschaften, 17 (2006–2007), p. 199–300.

Sezgin, Fuat, Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, vol. VI: Astronomie, Bis ca. 430 H., Brill, Leiden 1978.

Thorndike, Lynn, Pearl Kibre, A Catalogue of Incipits of Mediaeval Scientific Writings in Latin, rev. edn, Mediaeval Academy of America, London 1963.

Viladrich, Mercè, « The Mumtaḥan Tradition in Al-Andalus: Analysis of Data from the Calendar of Cordova Related to the Entrance of the Sun in the Zodiacal Signs », in Josep Casulleras, Julio Samsó (eds.), From Baghdad to Barcelona: Studies in the Islamic Exact Sciences in Honour of Prof. Juan Vernet, vol. I, Instituto « Millás Vallicrosa » de Historia de la Ciencia Árabe, Barcelona 1996, p. 253–265.