The Beginnings of Nizari Ismailism: Annotated Translation of Ḫwāǧah Qāsim Tuštarī’s Recognizing God
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Abstract
Ḫwāǧah Qāsim Tuštarī’s recently discovered Recognizing God (Maʿrifat-i Khudāy taʿālā) is one of the only texts known to have survived from the early Alamūt period of Ismaili Muslim history. It preserves evidence of the « new Invitation » (daʿwat-i jadīd) to the Ismaili faith that al-Šahrastānī (d. 548/1153) tells us was inaugurated by the Fatimid Imām al-Mustanṣir billāh (d. 487/1094) and championed by Ḥasan-i Ṣabbāḥ (d. 518/1124). The text emphasizes that the ultimate purpose of human existence is to know God and that the path to this knowledge is through the Imām of the Time. Likely composed between 525/1131 and 533/1139, the text contains near-contemporary references to Sanāʾī Ġaznawī (d. ca. 525/1131) and points to the very early development of homiletic Persian pious, devotional, and homiletic poetry as well as the « mathnawī metre » in Ismaili environments. This metre was later famously used by Farīd al-Dīn ʿAṭṭār (d. ca. 618/1221) and Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (d. 672/1273) in their mystical compositions. The article includes an introduction and annotated translation of Qāsim Tushtarī’s Recognizing God.
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