Conocimiento y poder: Ciencia en la corte y utilidad política en la obra de Roger Bacon
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Resumen
En sus principales trabajos para el Papa, así como en ciertas obras de madurez, Bacon se centró en la utilidad del conocimiento natural, tanto en términos de saber práctico humano como de lo que ese saber podía producir. Miró a las ciencias practicadas en la corte (como la medicina, la ciencia astral, la óptica y la ciencia de la materia), que privilegian la aplicación y el conocimiento obtenido a través de los sentidos, como fuentes de conocimiento natural y como ejemplos del potencial del conocimiento de la naturaleza. Este ensayo sostiene que la obra de Roger Bacon debe entenderse en el contexto de la corte. El énfasis de Bacon en los dispositivos para la búsqueda del conocimiento y la utilidad demuestra hasta qué punto las ciencias desarrolladas en la corte (la ingeniería, la navegación, la alquimia y la adivinación) se valoraban junto a distintos ámbitos filosóficos tradicionales sobre la naturaleza, y es en este contexto en el que deben ser entendidos. Tanto las ciencias desarrolladas en la corte como la teoría de Bacon sobre la scientia experimentalis se centran en los materiales, el conocimiento sensorial y el conocimiento que persigue fines aplicados de hechos concretos. Bacon se inspiró en las ciencias desarrolladas en la corte para teorizar cómo el conocimiento natural podía servir al poder gobernante. Examinando las principales obras de Bacon sobre la scientia experimentalis y analizando cómo recurre a ejemplos de la historia de Alejandro Magno, este ensayo demuestra la interrelación entre el poder político y el conocimiento erudito, y cómo se entrecruzan practicando y aplicando el experimentum y la tecnología. Por último, el interés de Bacon por la utilidad del conocimiento sugiere que los escenarios cortesanos de este periodo son lugares significativos para el desarrollo y las aplicaciones del conocimiento natural.
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