Different abilities as represented in animated films aimed at children: an inclusive gaze

Abstract

Cartoons show stories which starring characters have impact on children's audience, which can help to make disability visible and promote respect. The aim of this research is to analyse the representation of different abilities as shown in animation shorts aimed at children. The methodology used is qualitative and focused on the content study of ten short animated –between 2010-2020- which starring characters have physical or cognitive differences. The Inclusive-Toons instrument allowed analyzing them from three dimensions: technical-narrative, socio-educational and affective-emotional. The results show that most of them are in 3D, tell plausible stories without locution, using music to emphasize the message. The representation of disability is explicit when it is physical, and metaphorical when it is cognitive. The plot focuses on self-improvement if the disability is supervening, or on the need for integration if it is congenital. Male protagonists adopt roles conditioned by their limitations, while females who act more freely. Auxiliary characters are usually female and look for strategies to resolve conflicts. Undoubtedly, these stories become socio-cognitive learning platforms that, in a diverse society, offer the opportunity to develop an inclusive gaze.