La nueva metafísica de Roger Macon (1260-1292): La integración del estudio del lenguaje y las ciencias naturales con la metafísica y la moral
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
El artículo aporta pruebas de que Roger Bacon se esforzaba por estructurar lo que consideraba una “nueva metafísica”. Se identifica el Opus maius como un texto preliminar de Bacon en metafísica y moral. Las pruebas se encuentran en la Communia naturalium y en la Communia mathematica, en las que se encuentra una referencia al Opus maius como esbozo de una nueva metafísica. De la séptima parte de la Moralis philosophia se desprende que Bacon la consideraba estrechamente relacionada con su nueva metafísica. De hecho, el material de la Communia mathematica conecta sus estudios sobre las lenguas con la comunicación de su visión moral. Tras presentar una revisión de las fuentes de las diferentes partes del Opus maius, se exponen las fuentes filosóficas de Bacon. Queda claro que Bacon conocía el Menón de Platón, el Fedón y parte del Timeo con el Comentario de Calcidio. También se esboza la variedad y el significado de sus fuentes neoplatónicas. Da la impresión de que Bacon no era un dualista de la sustancia de caracter avicenista. Además, se demuestra hasta qué punto la crítica de Bacon a Averroes se basaba en su filosofía natural. Bacon presenta un relato del conocimiento intelectual humano claramente fundamentado y referido a su descripción en torno al conocimiento perceptivo humano en su Perspectiva. Utiliza su descripción de un ser humano individual que integra percepción e intelecto para cuestionar la afirmación del averroísmo latino de que hay un intelecto posible para todos los seres humanos.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Bibliografía
Bibliography
Roger Bacon’s Works
CM = Communia mathematica, edited by R. Steele, Opera hactenus inedita, fasc. 16 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940).
CN = Communia naturalium, edited by R. Steele, Opera hactenus inedita, fascs. 2-4 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1911).
De mult. Spec. = De multiplicatione specierum, edited by D. C. Lindberg, Roger Bacon’s Philosophy of Nature (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983).
Opus maius, edited by J. H. Bridges, 3 vols. (Oxford, Vols. 1-2, 1897; Edinburgh, Vol. 3 with corrections, 1900; Frankfurt: Minerva Reprint, 1964).
Opus minus (London: RBMAS, Rolls Series, 15, 1859; Reprint: Nelden, Lichtensstein: Krauss, 1965).
Opus tertium, edited by N. Egel (Philosophische Bibliothek, Band 718) (Hamburg: Felix Meiner Verlag, 2019).
Opus tertium, edited by J. R. S. Brewer (London: RBMAS, 1859).
Perspect. = Perspectiva, edited by D.C. Lindberg, Roger Bacon and the Origins of Perspectiva in the Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996).
MP = Moralis Philosophia (= Opus maius, part seven), edited by E. Massa (Zurich: Thesaurus Mundi, 1953).
Compendium studii theologia, edited by T. S. Maloney (Leiden-New York-København-Köln: E. J. Brill, 1988).
Other Primary Sources
Al-Farabi, De scientiis, edited by A. Galonnier, Le De scientiis Alfarabii de Gérard de Crémone: Contriution aux problems de l’acculturation au xiie siècle (Turnhout: Brepols, 2016).
Apuleius, De Deo Socratis, edited by C. Moreschini (Berlin, B. G.: Teubner, 1991).
Apuleius, De Platone, edited by J. A. Stover, A New Work of Apuleius: The Lost Third Book of De Platone: De Platonis Pluribus Libris Compendiosa Expositio (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016).
Augustine, De civitate dei, edited by M. Dombart and A. Kalb, 2 vols. (Stuttgart: B. G. Teubner, 1981).
Augustine, De musica, edited by M. Jacobsson (Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter, 2017).
Avicenna, Philosophia prima = Avicenna Latinus: Liber de prima philosophia sive Scientia Divina, edited by S. Van Riet (Louvain and Leiden: E. Peeters and E. J. Brill, 1980).
Calcidius, On Plato’s Timaeus, edited by J. Magee (Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press, 2016).
Plato, Meno, edited by R. Klibansky and L. Minio-Paluello (London: Warburg Institute, 1950).
Plato, Phaedo, edited by V. Kordeuter & L. Labowsky (London: Warburg Institute, 1950).
Ptolemy, Almagest, edited by G. J. Toomer (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998).
Ptolemy, Optics, edited and translated by A. Lejune, L’Optique de Claude Ptolémée dans la version latine d’après l’arabe de l’émir Eugène de Sicile (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1989).
Ptolemy, Optics, translated by A. Mark Smith, Ptolemy’s Theory of Visual Perception: An English Translation of the Optics with Introduction and Commentary (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society Press, 1996).
Secondary Sources
Albertson, David, Mathematical Theologies: Nicholas of Cusa and the Legacy of Theirry of Chartres (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014).
Anheim, Étienne, Grévin, Benoit and Morand, Martin, “Éxégè Judeo-Chrétienne, Magie et Linguistique: Un Recueil De ‘Notes’ Inédit Attribuée a Roger Bacon”, Archives Doctrinale Littéraire Du Moyen Âge 66 (2001): 95-154.
Chrisciani, Chiara, “Universal and Particular in the Communia Naturalium: Between and ”, in Roger Bacon’s Communia Naturalium: A 13th Century Philosopher’s Workshop, edited by P. Bernardini and A. Rodolfi (Firenze: SISMEL-Edizioni Del Galluzo, 2014).
Delorme, Ferdinand M., “Le Prologue de Roger Bacon àson traité De Influentiis Agentium”, Antonianum 18 (1943): 81-90.
Dinkova-Brunn, Greti and Panti, Cecilia, “Robert Grosseteste’s De iride and its addendum in the Vatican Manuscript Barb. Latr. 165: Transmission, Reception and Meaning”, in Manuscripts in the Making: Art and Science, edited by S. Panauotova and P. Ricciardi, Vol. II (London and Turnhout: Brepols and Harvey Millar Publishers, 2018), 23-31.
Druart, Thérèse-Anne, “Roger Bacon and His ‘Arabic’ Sources in the Moralis Philosophia”, in Pre-Modern Philosophy in Greek, Hebrew, Arabic and Latin Traditions, edited by L. Farjeat, K. Krause and N. Oschman (Forthcoming).
Galonnier, Alain, Le De scientiis Alfarabi de Gérard de Crémone: Contribution aux problemes de l’acculturation au xiie siècle (Turnhout: Brepols, 2016).
Gilson, Étienne, “Philosophantes”, Archives d’histoire doctrinale littéraire du Moyen Âge 19 (1952): 135-140.
Hackett, Jeremiah, “The Attitude of Roger Bacon to the Scientia of Albertus Magnus”, in Albertus Magnus and the Science: Commemorative Essays 1980, edited by J. A. Weisheipl, O.P. (Toronto: PIMS, 1980), 53-72.
Johnson, Timothy J., “Preaching Precedes Theology: Roger Bacon and the Failure of Mendicant Education”, Franciscan Studies 68 (2010): 83-95.
Johnson, Timothy J., “Roger Bacon’s Critique of Franciscan Preaching”, in Institution and Charisma: Festschrift für Gert Melville, edited by F. J. Felten, A. Kehnel and S. Weinfurt (Köln: Böhlau, 2009), 541-48.
Johnson, Timothy J., “Wisdom has built her house; she has set up seven pillars: Roger Bacon, Franciscan Wisdom, and Conversion to the Sciences”, in The English Franciscan Province (1224-ca. 1350), edited by M. Robson (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2017), 296-315.
Kedar, Yael, Species as Signs: Roger Bacon (1220-94) on Perspectiva and Grammatica, University of Haifa PH.D. Dissertation, 2009.
Kedar, Yael, “The Intellect Naturalized: Roger Bacon and the Existence of Corporeal Species in the Intellect”, Early Science and Medicine 14 (2009): 131-157.
Lindberg, David C., Theories of Vision from Al-Kindi to Kepler (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1976).
Linde, Cornelia, How to Correct the Sacra Scriptura: Textual Criticism of the Latin Bible Between the Twelfth and Fifteenth Century (Oxford: The Society for the Study of Medieval Languages and Literature, 2012).
Michaud-Quantin, Pierre and Lemoine, Michel, “Pour Dossier des ‘Philosophantes’”, Archives d’histoire doctrinale littéraire u Moyen Âge 35 (1968): 17-22.
Do Nascimento, Carlos Arthur Ribero, Une Théorie des Opérations naturelles fondée sur L’Optique: Le De multiplicatione specierum de Roger Bacon, Ph. D. Dissertation (Universitéde Montréal, 1975).
Panti, Cecilia, “The Oxford-Paris connection of optics and the Rainbos: Grosseteste’s De Iride, Pseudo-Oresme’s Inter omnes impressions and Bacon’s Perspectiva in BNF, lat. 7434”, in Les Sciences au Moyen Âgee(Xiie-XVe siècle. Autour de Micrologus, edited by D. Jacquart and A. Paravicini-Bagliani (Firenze: SISMEL-Edizioni del Galuzzo, forthcoming).
Panti, Cecilia, “The Theological Use of Science in Robert Grosseteste and Adam Marsh According to Roger Bacon: The Case Study of the Rainbow”, in Robert Grosseteste and the pursuit of Religious and Scientific Learning in the Middle Ages, edited by J. Cunningham and M. Hocknull (Switzerland: Springer: 2016), 143-164.
Phillips, J. R. S., The Medieval Expansion of Europe, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998).
Rosier-Catach, Irène, “Roger Bacon on Grammar”, in Roger Bacon and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays, edited by J. Hackett (Leiden, New York, Köln: E. J. Brill, 1997).
Rosier-Catach, Irène, “Rogeer Bacon, al-Farabi et Augustin. Rhétorique, logique et philosophie morale”, in La Rhétorique D’Aristote. Traditions et Commentaires De L’Antiquite Au Xviie Siècle, edited by G. Dahan and I. Rosier-Catach (Paris: Vrin, 1998), 87-110.
Rutkin, H. Darrell, Sapientia Astrologica: Astrology, Magic and Natural Knowledge, ca. 1250-1800, 1. Medieval Structures (1250-1500): Conceptual, Institutional, Socio-Political, Theologico-Religious and Cultural (Cham: Springer Nature, 2019).
Smith, A. Mark, From Sight to Light: The Passage from Ancient to Modern Optics (Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 2015).
Southern, R. W., Western Views of Islalm in the Middle Ages (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1962).