Artificial intelligence and online educational creativity: a critical analysis and emerging perspectives

Abstract

Abstract: Introduction: In online learning environments, fostering student engagement is key, as it directly influences academic performance and overall learning satisfaction. However, the shift toward virtual modalities demands greater autonomy and self-regulation, posing challenges for students who lack these competencies. Simultaneously, online learning offers new opportunities for promoting creativity (understood as the ability to generate original ideas and innovative solutions) by leveraging technology-enhanced environments. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new avenues for supporting both engagement and creativity through personalized feedback, adaptive content, and dynamic interaction models. Method: This study presents a theoretical review of the literature focused on how AI-based systems have been used to foster student engagement and promote creativity in online learning environments. Following a systematic methodology, research published in the last decade was analyzed to identify key trends, technological approaches, and pedagogical implications. Results: The studies reviewed reveal that AI tools, such as intelligent tutoring systems and emotion-aware platforms, enable real-time adaptation to learners’ needs, facilitating not only continuous engagement but also creative expression through interactive and exploratory tasks. Findings suggest that AI is predominantly applied in constructing models for engagement detection using data such as video recordings, activity logs, and behavior patterns. Moreover, creativity is often encouraged through environments that support idea generation, collaborative problem-solving, and adaptive scaffolding. Discussion – Conclusions: AI represents a powerful ally in designing online learning experiences that are not only engaging but also creativity-driven. This review offers insights for researchers and practitioners to conceptualize future AI-enhanced learning systems that support creative thinking and learner autonomy in digital contexts.