Circular economy of whey: bioprocess for its conversion into agronomic biostimulants and biofertilizers
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Abstract
Whey, due to its high organic load and significant production levels, represents a major challenge in terms of environmental management. However, it also presents an opportunity for valorization because of its excellent chemical composition.
This work proposes a bioprocess based on circular economy, enabling the complete valorization of whey by converting it into high-value-added products for the agricultural sector, specifically a Biostimulant/Biofertilizer (BB).
The bioprocess is fermentative/enzymatic in nature and employs plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPb), particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), as a biological tool.
The new BB has a chemical composition radically different from whey. Its main components are organic acids (lactic acid), followed by protein hydrolysates, both of which exhibit biostimulant properties. Additionally, at the biological level, the bacterial biomass (LAB) contributes PGPB properties, acting as a biofertilizer.
In summary, this proposal for the valorization of whey through a biotechnological approach promotes more sustainable and efficient agriculture while fostering a circular economy by transforming an environmentally problematic waste into a valuable resource.
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