Alexitimia y agresividad en personas mayores: mediación por la impulsividad y la desregulación emocional
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La agresividad es frecuente en la vejez, y para adaptar los tratamientos y reducir los daños que la acompañan, tanto para sí mismo/a como para los demás, es importante entender los predictores de la agresividad. La pobre conciencia emocional, la impulsividad y la desregulación emocional son posibles mecanismos que influyen en la agresividad. El presente estudio examina si la alexitimia, la desregulación emocional y la impulsividad influyen en la agresividad de los adultos mayores; y si el efecto de la alexitimia está condicionado por la desregulación emocional y la impulsividad después de controlar los probables factores de confusión. La muestra consistió en 326 adultos mayores portugueses (63.2% mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 60 y 96 años procedentes de residencias geriátricas y de la comunidad. Los participantes completaron instrumentos de informe que medían la alexitimia, la desregulación emocional, la impulsividad y la agresividad. Los resultados del análisis de mediación mostraron que los adultos mayores que tenían más alexitimia tendían a reportar niveles más altos de desregulación emocional e impulsividad, lo que por a su vez explicaba un mayor reporte de agresividad. Todos estos efectos fueron independientes del funcionamiento cognitivo y de los síntomas depresivos. Este estudio sugiere la relevancia de evaluar e intervenir sobre la alexitimia, la impulsividad y la desregulación emocional para reducir la agresividad en personas mayores.
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