Validación y punto de corte de la Escala de Atracón Alimentario (BES) en población mexicana
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Introducción: el trastorno por atracón (TpA) es la psicopatología alimentaria más prevalente entre la población, por lo que son necesarios instrumentos validados de tamizaje para su detección y diagnóstico oportuno. Objetivo: confirmar la estructura factorial de la Escala de Atracón Alimentario (BES) a través del análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) y proponer un punto de corte en una muestra mexicana. Método: la muestra fue no probabilística constituida por 421 personas (66.7% mujeres) con un rango de edad de 18 a 57 años (M = 23.92, DE = 7.38) provenientes de la ciudad de México y zona metropolitana. Todos los participantes contestaron dos instrumentos que evaluaban sintomatología de TpA y aquellos que puntuaron alto fueron entrevistados para diagnóstico del trastorno. Resultados: de las 421 personas, se diagnosticaron 60 con TpA. Se observó una adecuada consistencia interna del instrumento y el AFC ratificó la estructura de la versión original de dos factores: 1) manifestaciones cognitivas y 2) manifestaciones conductuales, presentando un buen ajuste de los datos. Se exploraron diferentes puntos de corte, observando el 17 como el más adecuado de acuerdo con los valores de sensibilidad (98%) y especificidad (93%). Conclusión: estos resultados contribuyen al desarrollo de una medida de evaluación de atracón alimentario en la población mexicana y proporciona una exploración del BES válida para la detección de sintomatología de TpA tanto en hombres como en mujeres.
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