Use of social networks in preadolescence: gender differences

Main Article Content

Zara Suárez-García
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-4630
Miguel García-Suárez
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3480-3306
David Álvarez-García
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-497X

Abstract

Social networks have become a context of great influence in the socialization, learning and formation of the personality of children and adolescents. This work has two objectives. On the one hand, to know the prevalence of the use of social networks in a sample of Spanish preadolescents, analyzing which social networks they use more and possible gender differences. On the other hand, knowing who they follow and what kind of content they see on social networks, also analyzing possible gender differences. For this, a self-report questionnaire on the use of social networks was applied to 548 students (49.7% girls) in the 6th year of Primary Education (10-13 years old). The obtained results show a generalized use of social networks in these ages. Applications that allow sharing and viewing videos, as well as instant messaging applications, are mainly used. The pattern of use shows results consistent with traditional gender roles. Boys follow publications about sports or video games more than girls. Girls follow publications about music, fashion, health/beauty, politics, art and celebrities more than boys. Girls follow family members through social networks to a greater extent than boys. The main educational implications of these results are discussed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Suárez-García, Z., García-Suárez, M., & Álvarez-García, D. (2023). Use of social networks in preadolescence: gender differences. Psychology, Society & Education, 15(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.21071/pse.v15i1.15277
Section
Artículos

References

Astorga-Aguilar, C., y Schmidt-Fonseca, I. (2019). Peligros de las redes sociales: Cómo educar a nuestros hijos e hijas en ciberseguridad. Revista Electrónica Educare, 23(3), 339-362. http://doi:10.15359/ree.23-3.17

Brown, B. B., y Anistranski, J. A. (2020). Peer Influence in Adolescence. En S. Hupp, y J. D. Jewell (Eds.), The encyclopedia of child and adolescent development Vol. 9 (1-11). Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119171492.wecad398

Casas, J. A., Jiménez, D., y Sánchez, S. (2022). Estudio exploratorio sobre la influencia de los youtubers en los adolescentes. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 24(06), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.24320/redie.2022.24.e06.4088

Cherney, I. D., y London, K. (2006). Gender-linked differences in the toys, television shows, computer games, and outdoor activities of 5- to 13-year-old children. Sex Roles, 54, 717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9037-8

Cipolletta, S., Malighetti, C., Cenedese, C., y Spoto, A. (2020). How can adolescents benefit from the use of social networks? The generation on Instagram. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 6952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196952

Dans-Álvarez-de-Sotomayor, I., Muñoz-Carril, P. C., y González-Sanmamed, M. (2022). Usos y abusos de las redes sociales por estudiantado español de Educación Secundaria. Revista Electrónica Educare, 26(3), 354-369. https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.26-3.20

Fernández-Montalvo, J., Peñalva, A., y Irazabal, I. (2015). Hábitos de uso y conductas de riesgo en Internet en la preadolescencia. Comunicar, 44, 113-120. http://doi.org/10.3916/C44-2015-12

Gamito, R., Aristazabal, P., Vizcarra, M. T., y León, I. (2020). Seguridad y protección digital de la infancia: Retos de la escuela del siglo XXI. Educar, 56(1), 219-237. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/educar.1113

Garmendia, M., Jiménez, E., Karrera, I., Larrañaga, N., Casado, M. Á., Martínez, G., y Garitaonandia, C. (2019). Actividades, mediación, oportunidades y riesgos online de los menores en la era de la convergencia mediática. INCIBE.

García, M., y Del Hoyo, M. (2013). Redes sociales, un medio para la movilización juvenil. Zer: Revista de Estudios de Comunicación, 18(34), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1387/zer.10649

Gómez, R. G., Llorente, P. A., Morales, M. T. V., y Hernández, I. L. (2020). Seguridad y protección digital de la infancia: retos de la escuela del siglo XXI. Educar, 56(1), 219-237. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/educar.1113

González-Nuevo, C., Cuesta, M., Postigo, Á., Menéndez-Aller, Á., y Muñiz, J. (2021). Problematic social network use: Structure and assessment. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00711-y

Gutiérrez, P., y Ramírez, A. (2022). El deseo de los menores por ser youtuber y/o influencer. Narcisismo como factor de influencia. Pixel-Bit, 63, 227-255. https://doi.org/10.12795/pixelbit.92341

Holloway, D., Green, L., y Livingstone, S. (2013). Zero to eight: Young children and their Internet use. EU Kids Online.

Huber, B., Highfield, K., y Kaufman, J. (2018). Detailing the digital experience: Parent reports of children’s media use in the home learning environment. British Journal of Educational Technology, 49, 821-833. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12667

Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P., y Bonner, R. L. Jr. (2015). Exposure and use of mobile media devices by young children. Pediatrics, 136(6), 1044-50. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2151

Kaloeti, D. V. S., Manalu, R., Kristiana, I. F., y Bidzan, M. (2021). The role of social media use in peer bullying victimization and onset of anxiety among Indonesian elementary school children. Frontiers in Psychology, 28(12), 635725. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.635725

Leonhardt, M., y Overå, S. (2021). Are there differences in video gaming and use of social media among boys and girls? - A mixed methods approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11), 6085. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116085

Martínez-Líbano, J., González-Campusano, N., y Pereira-Castillo, J. I. (2022). Las redes sociales y su influencia en la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios: Una revisión sistemática. REIDOCREA, 11(4), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.30827/Digibug.72270

Matković, R., Vejmelka, L., y Ključević, Z. (2020). Use of security settings on social networks of elementary and high school students in the Split-Dalmatia County. 43rd International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO), 1476-1481. https://doi.org/10.23919/MIPRO48935.2020.9245249

Observatorio Español de las Drogas y las Adicciones (2022). Informe sobre trastornos comportamentales 2022: juego con dinero, uso de videojuegos y uso compulsivo de internet en las encuestas de drogas y otras adicciones en España EDADES y ESTUDES. Ministerio de Sanidad. Delegación de Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas.

Ortega-Barón, J., González-Cabrera, J., Machimbarrena, J. M., y Montiel, I. (2021). Safety.Net: A pilot study on a multi-risk internet prevention program. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4249. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084249

Ruvalcaba, O., Shulze, J., Kim, A., Berzenski, S. R., y Otten, M. P. (2018). Women’s experiences in eSports: Gendered differences in peer and spectator feedback during competitive video game play. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 42(4), 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723518773287

Salmerón, M. (2020). Salud digital en tiempos de coronavirus ¿qué cambió? Revista de Formación Continuada de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de la Adolescencia, 8(3), 6-10.

Tejada, E., Castaño, C., y Romero, A. (2019). Los hábitos de uso en las redes sociales de los preadolescentes. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 22(2), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.5944/ried.22.2.23245

Thomas, G., Bennie, J. A., De Cocker, K., Ireland, M. J., y Biddle, S. J. (2020). Screen-based behaviors in Australian adolescents: Longitudinal trends from a 4-year follow-up study. Preventive Medicine, 141, 106258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106258

Yang, F. R., Wei, C. F., y Tang, J. H. (2019). Effect of Facebook social comparison on well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Internet Technology, 20, 1829-1836. http://doi.org/10.3966/160792642019102006013

Yoon, S., Kleinman, M., Mertz, J., y Brannick, M. (2019). Is social network site usage related to depression? A meta-analysis of Facebook–depression relations. Journal of Affective Disorders, 248, 65-72. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.026