Ciber-rumor y síntomas internalizantes en la adolescencia: efecto mediador de la resiliencia
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Los dispositivos digitales han adquirido un papel fundamental en las dinámicas sociales entre los adolescentes, aumentando la prevalencia de conductas de riesgo como el ciberacoso. Aunque su estudio ha aumentado en las últimas décadas, aún son escasos los trabajos centrados en conocer los efectos de formas de cibervictimización sutiles, como el ciber-rumor. Los objetivos del estudio fueron, primero, examinar si las víctimas de ciber-rumor presentan mayores niveles de síntomas internalizantes, y segundo, explorar si la resiliencia actúa como mediadora de dicha asociación, controlando el efecto del sexo. Un total de 558 escolares (54.3% chicas) con edades entre 13 y 17 años (M = 14.65 años; DT = 1.19) participaron en el estudio. El tratamiento de datos siguió un modelo de mediación a través de PROCESS. Los resultados evidenciaron que las víctimas de ciber-rumor presentaron niveles más altos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés que los adolescentes que indicaron no haber sido víctimas de ciber-rumor. Los modelos de mediación mostraron que la resiliencia medió en la relación entre ser víctima de ciber-rumor y los niveles de depresión y ansiedad, pero no con los de estrés. No se encontró que el sexo moderara dichos efectos. En conclusión, estos resultados subrayan la importancia de atender a los fenómenos de ciberagresión dado sus efectos sobre el bienestar social y emocional identificados en este estudio. De ello se deriva la necesidad de diseñar programas de prevención que incluyan entre sus estrategias la promoción de habilidades para el afrontamiento del ciber-rumor.
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