Acoso, ciberacoso y empatía como predictores longitudinales de la autoestima
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La investigación ha demostrado que una alta autoestima tiene numerosos beneficios personales y sociales, especialmente en adolescentes. Sin embargo, es necesario examinar si la implicación, como agresores o víctimas, en conductas agresivas online y offline o la presencia o ausencia de empatía, afectiva y cognitiva, puede influir en la autoestima de los adolescentes. En el presente estudio se analizó si el bullying, el cyberbullying y la empatía se relacionaban longitudinalmente con la autoestima. Se hipotetizó que un bajo nivel de implicación en bullying y cyberbullying, y una alta empatía afectiva y cognitiva estarían relacionados con una alta autoestima. La muestra consistió en 876 estudiantes (48.7% chicas) de entre 12 y 19 años (M = 14.91, DT = 1.71) a través de un estudio longitudinal con dos oleadas de recogida de datos de encuestas. Se encontró que una baja victimización por acoso y una alta empatía cognitiva estaban relacionadas con una alta autoestima transversal y longitudinalmente. Asimismo, una menor empatía afectiva, baja victimización por ciberacoso y baja agresión por acoso se relacionaron longitudinalmente con una mayor autoestima. Se sugiere que la disminución del acoso y el ciberacoso y el aumento de la empatía cognitiva podrían tener numerosos beneficios para la mejora de la autoestima en los programas de prevención e intervención en salud mental con adolescentes que se encuentra en la etapa educativa.
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