Integrando comportamientos prosociales y proambientales: el rol de la ausencia de compromiso moral y las normas sociales de pares
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El comportamiento prosocial, y más recientemente el comportamiento proambiental, han sido propuestos como dimensiones de una disposición supraordenada orientada hacia el bien común. Ambos comportamientos implican una dimensión moral y son influidos por los contextos sociales en los cuales se despliegan. En el presente trabajo testeamos estas asociaciones, evaluando el efecto de la ausencia de compromiso moral y las normas sociales de pares en los comportamientos prosociales y proambientales. Analizamos los datos de la primera medición de un estudio longitudinal en curso que incluye a 704 adolescentes chilenos (301 hombres, 378 mujeres y 25 prefieren no decir; de 6º a 10º grado). Análisis de ecuaciones estructurales mostraron que tanto la prosocialidad como la proambientalidad están asociadas, y ambas con la ausencia de compromiso moral. Encontramos efectos directos y cruzados de las normas sociales de pares para comportamientos prosociales y proambientales. Además, normas sociales proambientales moderaron la asociación entre la ausencia de compromiso moral y comportamiento proambiental, aunque no se observó este efecto de moderación para la prosocialidad. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la naturaleza moral de los comportamientos prosociales y proambientales y la relevancia de los pares en la promoción de estos comportamientos. Se discuten los resultados en relación con sus implicancias evolutivas y educacionales.
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