Cumplimiento de medidas COVID-19 en adolescentes y variables sociodemográficas y educativas relacionadas
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Incrementar el cumplimiento de las normas en los adolescentes es uno de los mayores desafíos durante la pandemia. La comprensión de cómo las diferentes variables se relacionan con el cumplimiento de las normas de COVID-19 en los adolescentes es necesaria para mejorar las políticas y prácticas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar cómo variables sociodemográficas y educativas como el sexo, la edad, el nivel socioeconómico, el pertenecer a un grupo minoritario, el rendimiento y fracaso académico y los problemas de conducta en la escuela se relacionan con el cumplimiento de algunas normas COVID-19 en una muestra representativa de 1,498 alumnos (edad entre 11 y 17 años M = 13.58, DT = 1.32) de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en Andalucía (España). Los resultados mostraron que casi uno de cada tres participantes nunca mantuvo la distancia social recomendada. Por el contrario, casi el 85% de los participantes usaban una mascarilla todos los días cuando pasaban tiempo con sus compañeros. Un mayor número de materias suspendidas y expulsiones escolares se relacionaron con un menor cumplimiento, los adolescentes más jóvenes cumplieron más con las medidas COVID-19 y las minorías étnicas cumplieron menos que las mayorías. El análisis de regresión mostró que el mayor rendimiento escolar, el sexo masculino, la edad joven, ser parte de una minoría sexual y sentirse mal por la pandemia se relacionaron con un mayor cumplimiento de las medidas preventivas. Los programas para promover la educación igualitaria y para promover el éxito escolar podrían ser útiles para aumentar el cumplimiento en los adolescentes.
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