Physical activity association with body image in postpartum women
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The perception of body image is usually affected in the different stages of a woman's life. The practice of physical exercise would be related to an improvement in the perception of body image, so it is important to investigate how the practice of physical exercise affects body image in the postpartum stage, since at this stage the perception is usually more negative . For this purpose, an online questionnaire was designed, consisting of socio-demographic questions, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Body Shape Questionnaire. The sample consisted of 80 Spanish women, aged between 23 and 42 years, who were mothers in 2020 and 2021. The results show that the Body Mass Index is positively and significantly associated with body dissatisfaction. However, in relation to physical exercise, the results showed an inverse relationship. The women with the highest body dissatisfaction were those with the highest Body Mass Index and the highest level of physical activity, with Body Mass Index being the variable that most explained body dissatisfaction.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The journal retains the economic copyright of contributions that are accepted for publication. This means that it acquires the exclusive use of the document to be edited, disseminated, preserved, etc. in any support and for the time stipulated by the local legislation that regulates the performance of the publication.
Psychology, Society & Education is published under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
References
Abraham, S., Taylor, A., y Conti, J. (2001). Postnatal depression, eating, exercise, and vomiting before and during pregnancy. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29(4), 482-487. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.1046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.1046
Arbinaga, F., García, D., Vázquez, I., Joaquín, M., y Pazos, E. (2011). Actitudes hacia el ejercicio en estudiantes universitarios: relaciones con los hábitos alimenticios y la insatisfacción corporal. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología del Ejercicio y el Deporte, 6(1), 97-112.
Ballester, D., De Gracia, M., Patiño, J., Suñol, C., y Ferrer, M. (2002). Actitudes alimentarias y satisfacción corporal en adolescentes: Un estudio de prevalencia. Actas españolas de psiquiatría.
Borelli, M. F., Mayorga, M., Vega, S. M. D. L., Contreras, N. B., Tolaba, A. M., y Passamai, M. I. (2016). Estado nutricional y percepción de la imagen corporal de embarazadas asistidas en centros de salud de Salta Capital, Argentina. Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética, 20(3), 174-179. https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.20.3.207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.20.3.207
Boscaglia, N., Skouteris, H., y Wertheim, E. H. (2003). Changes in body image satisfaction during pregnancy: a comparison of high exercising and low exercising women. The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 43(1), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0004-8666.2003.00016.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0004-8666.2003.00016.x
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., DiPietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, E., …Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451-1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
Carter-Edwards, L., Bastian, L. A., Revels, J., Durham, H., Lokhnygina, Y., Amamoo, M. A., y Ostbye, T. (2010). Body image and body satisfaction differ by race in overweight postpartum mothers. Journal of Women’s Health, 19(2), 305-311. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.1238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.1238
Casillas-Estrella, M., Montaño-Castrejón, N., Reyes-Velázquez, V., Bacardí-Gascón, M., y Jiménez-Cruz, A. (2006). A mayor IMC mayor grado de insatisfacción de la imagen corporal. Revista Biomédica, 17(4), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v17i4.463 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v17i4.463
Clark, A., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S. J., y Milgrom, J. (2009). The relationship between depression and body dissatisfaction across pregnancy and the postpartum: a prospective study. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105308097940 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105308097940
Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., y Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(8), Artículo 13811395. 10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB
Gross, C. L., y Marcussen, K. (2017). Postpartum depression in mothers and fathers: The role of parenting efficacy expectations during the transition to parenthood. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 76(5-6), 290-305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-0160629-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-016-0629-7
Collings, R., Hill, B., y Skouteris, H. (2018). The influence of psychological factors on postpartum weight retention 12 months post-birth. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 36(2), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1424323 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02646838.2018.1424323
Cooper, P. J., Taylor, M. J., Cooper, Z., y Fairburn, C. G. (1987). The development and validation of the Body Shape Questionnaire. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 485-494. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098108X(198707)6:4<485::AIDEAT2260060405>3.0.CO;2-O DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-108X(198707)6:4<485::AID-EAT2260060405>3.0.CO;2-O
Delgado, M., Tercedor, P., y Soto, V. (2005). Traducción de las guías para el procesamiento de datos y análisis del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). Versiones corta y larga. Universidad de Granada.
Downs, D. S., DiNallo, J. M., y Kirner, T. L. (2008). Determinants of pregnancy and postpartum depression: Prospective influences of depressive symptoms, body image satisfaction, and exercise behavior. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 36(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9044-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-008-9044-9
Engberg, E., Alen, M., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., Peltonen, J. E., Tikkanen, H. O., y Pekkarinen, H. (2012). Life events and change in leisure time physical activity. Sports Medicine, 42(5), 433-447. 10.2165/11597610-000000000-00000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11597610-000000000-00000
Erbil, N., Senkul, A., Basara, G. F., Saglam, Y., y Gezer, M. (2012). Body image among Turkish women during the first year postpartum. Health Care for Women International, 33(2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2011.603977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2011.603977
Evenson, K. R., Savitz, D. A., y Huston, S. L. (2004). Leisure-time physical activity among pregnant women in the US. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 18(6), 400-407. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00595.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2004.00595.x
Faleschini, S., Millar, L., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Skouteris, H., Hivert, M. F., y Oken, E. (2019). Women’s perceived social support: associations with postpartum weight retention, health behaviors and depressive symptoms. BMC Women’s Health, 19(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0839-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0839-6
Gjerdingen, D., Fontaine, P., Crow, S., McGovern, P., Center, B., y Miner, M. (2009). Predictors of mothers’ postpartum body dissatisfaction. Women & Health, 49(6-7), 491-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630240903423998 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03630240903423998
Hinton, P. S., y Olson, C. M. (2001). Postpartum exercise and food intake: The importance of behavior-specific self-efficacy. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 101(12), 1430-1437. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00345-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00345-5
Kiani-Sheikhabadi, M., Beigi, M., y Mohebbi-Dehnavi, Z. (2019). The relationship between perfectionism and body image with eating disorder in pregnancy. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8, Artículo 242. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_58_19
George, J. E., y Franko, D. L. (2018). Exploring the tripartite influence model of body dissatisfaction in postpartum women. Body Image, 24, 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.001
Montgomery, K. S., Aniello, T. D., Phillips, J. D., Kirkpatrick, T., Catledge, C., Braveboy, K., O’Rourke, C., Patel, N., Prophet, M., Cooper, A., Parker, C., Mosely, L., Douglas, G. M., Schalles, L. F., y Hatmaker-Flanigan, E. (2013). Experiences accompanying postpartum weight loss: benefits, successes, and well-being. Health Care for Women International, 34(7), 577-591. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2012.736568 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2012.736568
Nygaard, I. E., Wolpern, A., Bardsley, T., Egger, M. J., y Shaw, J. M. (2021). Early postpartum physical activity and pelvic floor support and symptoms 1 year postpartum. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 224(2), Artículo 193.e1-193.e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.033
Pereira, M. A., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Kleinman, K. P., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Peterson, K. E., y Gillman, M. W. (2007). Predictors of change in physical activity during and after pregnancy: Project Viva. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 32(4), 312-319.10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.017
Raich, R. M., Mora, M., Soler, A., Ávila, C., Clos, I. y Zapater L. (1996). Adaptación de un instrumento de evaluación de la insatisfacción corporal. Clínica y Salud, 7, 51-66.
Rallis, S., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., y Paxton, S. J. (2007). Predictors of body image during the first year postpartum: A prospective study. Women & Health, 45(1), 87-104. https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v45n01_06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v45n01_06
Raspovic, A. M., Prichard, I., Yager, Z., y Hart, L. M. (2020). Mothers’ experiences of the relationship between body image and exercise, 0-5 years postpartum: A qualitative study. Body Image, 35, 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.003
Riesco-González, F. J., Antúnez-Calvente, I., Vázquez-Lara, J. M., Rodríguez-Díaz, L., Palomo-Gómez, R., Gómez-Salgado, J., García-Iglesias, J. J., Parrón-Carreño, T., y Fernández-Carrasco, F. J. (2022). Body Image Dissatisfaction as a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression. Medicina, 58(6), Artículo 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060752 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060752
Rooney, B. L., y Schauberger, C. W. (2002). Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 100(2), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02125-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-200208000-00008
Sarwer, D., Dilks, R., y Spitzer, J. (2011). Weight loss and changes in body image. En T. F. Cash y L. Smolak (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of science, practice and prevention (pp. 369-377). Guilford Press.
Skouteris, H., Carr, R., Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S. J., y Duncombe, D. (2005). A prospective study of factors that lead to body dissatisfaction during pregnancy. Body Image, 2(4), 347-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.09.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2005.09.002
Skouteris, H. (2011). Body Image Issues in Obstretics and Gynecology. En T. F. Cash y L. Smolak (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention (pp. 342-349). Guilford Press.
Walker, L. O., Freeland-Graves, J. H., Milani, T., Hanss-Nuss, H., George, G., Sterling, B. S., Timmerman, G. M., Wilkison, S., Arheart, K. L. … y Stuifbergen, A. (2004). Weight and behavioral and psychosocial factors among ethnically diverse, low-income women after childbirth: I. Methods and context. Women & Health, 40(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v40n02_02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v40n02_01
Walker, L. O., Xie, B., Hendrickson, S. G., y Sterling, B. S. (2016). Behavioral and psychosocial health of new mothers and associations with contextual factors and perceived health. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing: Clinical Scholarship for the Care of Women, Childbearing Families, & Newborns, 45(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2015.10.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2015.10.012