Popularidad, preferencia social y comportamientos sociales: el papel moderador de las metas de estatus social
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Este estudio investigó las asociaciones entre el estatus social alcanzado y los comportamientos sociales de los adolescentes, así como los efectos moderadores de las metas de estatus, la cultura y el género. Un total de 1,267 adolescentes (Medad = 13.36; 49% de chicas) procedentes de China (n = 667) y Estados Unidos (n = 600) participaron en el estudio. Las metas de estatus social, ambas formas de agresión y los comportamientos prosociales fueron recogidos mediante autoinformes, mientras que la popularidad y el estatus social a través de las nominaciones de los iguales. Los resultados sugieren que las relaciones entre popularidad y ambas formas de agresión eran más fuertes cuando los adolescentes reportaron metas de búsqueda de popularidad, mientras que fueron más débil cuando reportaron metas de búsqueda de preferencia social. En el caso de los comportamientos prosociales, estas asociaciones eran más fuertes cuando reportaron metas de búsqueda de preferencia social, pero más bajas cuando reportaron metas de búsqueda de popularidad. Los patrones de preferencia social fueron más fuertes para los adolescentes chinos, mientras que las relaciones de popularidad lo eran para los estadounidenses. No se encontraron efectos de moderación para el género. Estos resultados indican la necesidad de tener en cuenta el contexto socio-cultural al examinar el estatus y los comportamientos sociales asociados durante la adolescencia.
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