The Third Half: a positive psychoeducational program to promote well-being and mental health among early career researchers

Main Article Content

María Paola Jiménez-Villamizar
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-7422
Claudia Tejada-Gallardo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2867-7561
Angelica Becerra-Rojas
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0657-3654
Maximiliano Devoto-Araya
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-3355
María Fernández-García
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4002-4947
Rodrigo López-García
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1159-083X
Ivan Bonilla
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0817-8132
Maja Tadić Vujčić
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6934-726X
Stefan T. Mol
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9375-3516
Antoni Sanz-Ruiz
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-4477
Anna Muro-Rodriguez

Abstract

The decreasing well-being among doctoral candidates, coupled with a high prevalence of distress problems, is a topic of increasing concern in the field of higher education and research policy. The present study aimed to replicate, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of The Third Half, a multi-component psychoeducational program in doctoral students. To address the limitations of the pilot study, we conducted a non-randomized controlled study using a repeated measures pre-post design with a total of 97 participants (Mage = 32.5; SD = 8.23), of whom 26 participated in the experimental group. Results showed that Third Half program participants reported significant decreases in indicators of negative affect (F = 4.01; p = .04) and anxiety (F = 4.95; p = .02) compared to the general control group; in the matched sample analysis (n = 20) significant decreases were found in indicators of negative affect (F = 4.72; p = .03), anxiety (F = 4.09; < .001), and depression (F = 4.95; p = .03). It is concluded that the Third Half program is an effective and implementable psychoeducational program to improve the skills of early-career researchers in wellness management.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Jiménez-Villamizar, M. P., Tejada-Gallardo, C., Becerra-Rojas, A., Devoto-Araya, M., Fernández-García, M., López-García, R., Bonilla, I., Tadić Vujčić, M., T. Mol, S., Sanz-Ruiz, A., & Muro-Rodriguez , A. (2024). The Third Half: a positive psychoeducational program to promote well-being and mental health among early career researchers. Psychology, Society & Education, 16(3), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.21071/pse.v16i3.17180
Section
Artículos
Author Biography

María Paola Jiménez-Villamizar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona (Spain)

Psicóloga, Especialista en Epidemiología, Magister en Intervención Social en comunidades, Candidata a Doctora del programa de doctorado en psicología de la Salud y el deporte de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Es becaria de la Convocatoria de Doctorados en el Exterior de Minciencias Colombia para realizar su tesis doctoral sobre el impacto psicológico de la pandemia del COVID-19 en grupos de alta vulnerabilidad: estudiantes universitarios. Actualmente es Miembro de ReMO Researcher Mental Health Observatory [Observatorio Investigador en Salud Mental] CA19117 y de Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World [Organización para las Mujeres en Ciencia para el Mundo en Desarrollo Colombia] 15388.

Actualmente es reconocida como investigadora Junior por Minciencias en la convocatoria 894 del 2021, ha mostrado interés en el estudio de la salud mental tanto del bienestar como malestar psicológico en colectivos de alta vulnerabilidad como: estudiantes universitarios, población migrante, comunidades indígenas, pacientes con enfermedades crónicas, entre otros.  También tiene publicaciones acerca de la influencia del cambio climático en la salud y medición bibliométrica de la ciencia, así como en la ejecución de proyectos en ambientes digitales, formulación de programas de educación en salud, y estrategias tecnológicas en comunidades para mitigar la propagación del COVID- 19.

En el área de investigación fue Joven Investigadora e Innovadora de Colciencias en el 2015 y como docente dicto la asignatura de Salud familiar de la facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad del Magdalena. Cuenta con experiencia en trabajos prácticos en el área Social con niños, niñas y familias en condición de vulnerabilidad, trabajo en responsabilidad social, atención interdisciplinar a comunidades sobre problemáticas generales de salud enfocados a la promoción en salud y prevención de la enfermedad.

References

Abreu, L. N., Oquendo, M. A., Galfavy, H., Burke, A., Grunebaum, M. F., Sher, L., Sullivan, G. M., Sublette, M. E., Mann, J., & Lafer, B. (2018). Are comorbid anxiety disorders a risk factor for suicide attempts in patients with mood disorders? A two-year prospective study. European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists, 47, 19-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.09.005

09.005

Andrade, E., Arce, C., Torrado, J., Garrido, J., De Francisco, C., & Arce, I. (2010). Factor structure and invariance of the POMS Mood State Questionnaire in Spanish. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(1), 444-452. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600003991 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600003991

Cahill, B., Schroijen, M., & Mol, S.T. (2023). Towards the creation of healthier academic environments in the European research area: mental health and well-being among early-stage researchers. In A. Muro & M. Jiménez-Villamizar (Eds.), The third half: toward the creation of healthier research careers (pp. 11-14). Autonomous University of Barcelona. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10005921

Charles, S., Karnaze, M. & Leslie, F. (2021). Positive factors related to graduate student mental health. Journal of American College Health, 70(6), 1858-1866. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1841207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1841207

Cogollo-Milanés, Z., Gómez Bustamante, E., & Campo Arias, A. (2023). Program effectiveness for the prevention of psychoactive substance use among university students. Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, 41(3), Article e351578. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e351578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.rfnsp.e351578

Cohen J. (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000104

Devoto, M., Borrueco, M., Jordana, A., Torregrossa, M., & Ramis, Y. (2023). Physical activity, well-being and mental health prevention. In A. Muro & M. Jiménez-Villamizar (Eds.), The third half: toward the creation of healthier research careers (pp. 31-37). Autonomous University of Barcelona. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10005929

European Commission. (2011). Communication from the commission to the European parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/documents/com/com_com(2011)0681_/com_com(2011)0681_en.pdf

Evans, T. M., Bira, L., Gastelum, J. B., Weiss, L. T., & Vanderford, N. L. (2018). Evidence for a mental health crisis in graduate education. Nature Biotechnology, 36(3), 282-284. https://doi.org/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.4089

1038/nbt.4089

Fitzgerald, M., & Ratcliffe, G. (2020). Serious games, gamification, and serious mental illness: A scoping review. Psychiatric Services, 71(2), 170-183. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800567 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800567

García-Campayo, J., Zamorano, E., Ruiz, M. A., Pardo, A., Pérez-Páramo, M., López-Gómez, V., Freire, O., & Rejas, J. (2010). Cultural adaptation into Spanish of the generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale as a screening tool. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 8, Article 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-8

Geber, H. (2010). Coaching for accelerated research productivity in higher education. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 8(2), 64-79.

González-Betancor, S., Dorta-González, P. (2020). Risk of interruption of doctoral studies and mental health in PhD students. Mathematics, 8(10), Article 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8101695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/math8101695

Jiménez-Villamizar, M., Muro, A., Carmona, M., Cladellas, R., Feliu-Soler, A., Reche, E., López-Fernández, D., Méndez-Ulrich, J., Selva, C., & Sanz, A. (2023). Predictive factors of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students: A cross-cultural study in six Ibero-American countries. Anxiety and Stress, 29(3), 153-162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4437025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/anyes2023a19

Kismihók, G., Cahill, B., Gauttier, S., Metcalfe, J., Mol, S. T., McCashin, D., Lasser, J., Günes, M., Schroijen, M., Grund, M., Levecque, K., Guthrie, S., Wac, K., Dahlgaard, J. O., Nadim Adi, M., & Kling, C. (2021). Researcher mental health and well-being manifesto. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5788557

Kismihók, G., McCashin, D., Mol, S. T., & Cahill, B. (2022). The well-being and mental health of doctoral candidates. European Journal of Education, 57(4), 410-423. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12519 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12519

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x

Lambert, L., Passmore, H., & Joshanloo, M. (2019). A positive psychology intervention program in a culturally diverse university: Boosting happiness and reducing fear. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 1141-1162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9993-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9993-z

Lane, L., & De Wilde, J. (2018). The impact of coaching doctoral students at a university in London. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, 16(2), 55-68. https://doi.org/10.24384/000561

Levecque, K., Anseel, F., De Beuckelaer, A., Van der Heyden, J., & Gisle, L. (2017). Work organization and mental health problems in PhD students. Research Policy, 46(4), 868-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.008

Lim, W. L., & Tierney, S. (2023). The effectiveness of positive psychology interventions for promoting well-being of adults experiencing depression compared to other active psychological interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Happiness Studies, 24(1), 249-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00598-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00598-z

Manzano-León, A., Camacho-Lazarraga, P., Guerrero, M., Guerrero-Puerta, L., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Trigueros, R., & Alias, A. (2021). Between level up and game over: A systematic literature review of gamification in education. Sustainability, 13(4), Article 2247. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU13042247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042247

Martínez-Nicolás, I., García-Girón, J. (2021). “No future for you”: Economic and mental health risks in young Spanish researchers. In D. L. Mulligan & P. A. Danaher (Eds.), Researchers at risk: Precarity, Jeopardy and Uncertainty in Academia (pp. 103-114). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53857-6_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53857-6_7

Milicev, J., McCann, M., Simpson, S. A., Biello, S. M., & Gardani, M. (2023). Evaluating mental health and well-being of postgraduate researchers: Prevalence and contributing factors. Current Psychology, 42, 12267-12280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02309-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02309-y

Ministry of Universities. (2023). Mental health in students at Spanish Universities. https://www.universidades.gob.es/estudio-sobre-la-salud-mental-en-el-estudiantado-de-las-universidades-espanolas/

Muro, A., & Jiménez-Villamizar, M. (2023). Third Half: towards the creation of healthier research careers. Autonomous University of Barcelona. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10004671

Muro, A., Bonilla, I., Tejada-Gallardo, C., Jiménez-Villamizar, M. P., Cladellas, R., Sanz, A., & Torregrossa, M. (2022). The third half: A pilot study using evidence-based psychological strategies to promote well-being among doctoral students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(24), Article 16905. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416905

Muro, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Canals, J., Parrado, E., & Sanz, A. (2022). Psychological benefits of Forest Bathing during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study in a Mediterranean forest close to urban areas. Journal of Forest Research, 27(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2021.1996516 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13416979.2021.1996516

Muro, A., Mateo, C., Parrado, E., Subirana-Malaret, M., Moya, M., Garriga, A., Canals, J., Chamarro, A., & Sanz, A. (2023). Forest bathing and hiking benefits for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mediterranean regions. European Journal of Forest Research, 142(2), 415-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01531-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-023-01531-6

Nori, H., & Vanttaja, M. (2023). Too stupid for PhD? Doctoral impostor syndrome among Finnish PhD students. Higher Education, 86, 675-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00921-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00921-w

OECD. (2021). Reducing the precarity of academic research careers. OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers (Nº. 113). https://doi.org/10.1787/0f8bd468-en DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/0f8bd468-en

Park, K. E., Sibalis, A., & Jamieson, B. (2021). The mental health and well-being of master’s and doctoral psychology students at an urban Canadian university. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 16, 429-447. https://doi.org/10.28945/4790 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28945/4790

Pasqualotto, R., & Weber, L. (2022). Psicologia positiva na universidade: Um estudo correlacional. Research, Society and Development, 11(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i1.25216

Reche, E., Duran, M., Bajona, C., Farnés, M., Monferrer, M. C., Feliu-Soler, A., & Muro, A. (2023). Research yourself: Analysing the effects of coaching psychology among doctoral candidates. 1st conference of the Researcher Mental Health Observatory: bridging science and practice in supporting researcher mental health (ReMO 2022), Budapest, Hungary. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7535000

REMO. (2023). ReMO COST Action CA19117: “Researcher mental health”. https://projects.tib.eu/remo/

Ryan, R. M., Patrick, H., Deci, E. L., & Williams, G. C. (2008). Facilitating health behaviour change and its maintenance: Interventions based on self-determination theory. European Psychologist, 10, 2.

Schmidt, M., & Hansson, E. (2018). Doctoral students’ well-being: A literature review. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 13(1), Article 1508171. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2018.1508171 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2018.1508171

Suldo, S., Savage, J., & Mercer, S. (2014). Increasing middle school students’ life satisfaction: Efficacy of a positive psychology group intervention. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15, 19-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9414-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9414-2

Sverdlik, A., Hall, N. C., & McAlpine, L. (2020). PhD imposter syndrome: Exploring antecedents, consequences, and implications for doctoral well-being. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 15, 737-758. https://doi.org/10.28945/4670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.28945/4670

Treve, M. (2021). Study of humanistic education: Concerns, implications, and applications. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(11), 6303-6310. https://doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i11.7005

Twenge, J. M., & Joiner, T. E. (2020). Mental distress among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(12), 2170-2182. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23064 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23064

United Nations. (2022). Securing the well-being of people and planet. https://www.un.org/en/content/summits2022/

Valeeva, E., Ziyatdinova, J., & Galeeva, F. (2020). Development of soft skills by doctoral students. In M. Auer, H. Hortsch, P. Sethakul (Eds.), The impact of the 4th industrial revolution on engineering education. ICL 2019. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40271-6_17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40271-6_17

Vázquez, C., & Hervás, G. (2018). Psicología positiva aplicada (2nd ed.). Desclée de Brouwer.

Vázquez, C., Duque, A., & Hervás, G. (2013). Satisfaction with Life Scale in a representative sample of Spanish adults: Validation and normative data. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16, Article E82. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.82 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.82

Watson, D., Clark, L., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.1063

Woolston, C. (2019). PhDs: the tortuous truth. Nature, 575(7782), 403-407. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03459-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03459-7

World Health Organization (WHO). (2022). Mental health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response

Zwart, H., Landeweerd, L., & Van Rooij, A. (2014). Adapt or perish? Assessing the recent shift in the European research funding arena from ‘ELSA’ to ‘RRI’. Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 10, Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-014-0011-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40504-014-0011-x