El rol de la inteligencia cultural motivacional como factor protector contra la violencia política
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Ante el aumento del extremismo violento, resulta fundamental identificar factores de protección que puedan mitigar estas conductas. Este estudio analiza la inteligencia cultural como posible factor atenuante frente a la violencia política. Con base en la teoría de la búsqueda de significado, se examina si dicha búsqueda predice el apoyo a la violencia política a través de una mayor necesidad de cierre cognitivo (H1). Asimismo, se evalúa si la inteligencia cultural motivacional modera esta relación, considerando que niveles elevados de inteligencia cultural podrían reducir la tendencia a buscar cierre cognitivo ante la incertidumbre existencial, disminuyendo así el apoyo a la violencia (H2). Se realizaron dos estudios. En España (n = 257; 71.98% mujeres; Medad = 34, DT = 13.2), se evaluó la H2 mediante análisis de moderación. En Israel (n = 322; 55.59% mujeres; Medad = 36.4, DT = 12.7), se examinaron ambas hipótesis a través de un modelo de mediación moderada. Los resultados indican que la inteligencia cultural motivacional modera la relación entre la búsqueda de significado y la necesidad de cierre cognitivo. Niveles altos de inteligencia cultural debilitan esta asociación y reducen el apoyo a la violencia política, pero solo cuando la búsqueda de significado es baja. Cuando dicha búsqueda es elevada, predice el apoyo a la violencia a través del cierre cognitivo, independientemente de la inteligencia cultural. Estos hallazgos sugieren que, aunque la inteligencia cultural puede ejercer un efecto protector, dicho efecto puede verse superado por necesidades existenciales intensas.
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