El reconocimiento emocional en niños, niñas y adolescentes con callo emocional: una revisión sistemática de estudios de seguimiento ocular
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El callo emocional o insensibilidad emocional es un rasgo individual caracterizado por falta de culpabilidad y remordimiento, ausencia de empatía y falta de preocupación por los sentimientos de los demás, entre otras características. La investigación ha demostrado que la población infantil y adolescente presenta dificultades en el reconocimiento emocional, si bien no todos los trabajos concluyen si esta dificultad es generalizada a todas las emociones o se restringe a emociones específicas. El uso de metodologías como el seguimiento ocular está ayudando a avanzar en esta línea de investigación, permitiendo determinar qué procesos atencionales están implicados en estas dificultades y en qué emociones concretas se presentan. Sin embargo, esta línea de investigación es incipiente, por lo que el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática ha sido analizar y organizar la información existente sobre las dificultade en reconocimiento emocional que presentan los niños, niñas y adolescentes con altos niveles de callo emocional en los artículos publicados sobre esta temática que emplean el seguimiento ocular. Siguiendo la Declaración PRISMA, se revisaron cuatro bases de datos (ProQuest, ERIC, Scopus y Web of Science), obteniendo 140 resultados, de los cuales solo 15 fueron incluidos y analizados. El análisis obtuvo como resultado una confirmación y caracterización de este déficit, encontrando dificultades para reconocer emociones negativas, fundamentalmente las de miedo, ira y tristeza, con un alto porcentaje de estudios señalando en la base de esto las dificultades de focalización atencional encontradas en estas emociones, aunque sin descartar la existencia otros procesos que podrían explicar estas dificultades
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