La visión de los adolescentes sobre un mundo desigual: comprendiendo la desigualdad económica y factores para reducirla
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La desigualdad económica afecta al bienestar de las personas, incluyendo los/as adolescentes, los futuros agentes de nuestras sociedades. Pero es frecuente que no se analicen sus perspectivas sobre la desigualdad económica, la pobreza y sus actitudes hacia su reducción. Esta investigación estudia la desigualdad económica ideal y percibida por adolescentes, las atribuciones causales de la pobreza, el apoyo a la acción colectiva contra la desigualdad económica y las creencias meritocráticas (en la escuela y en general). Los resultados de este estudio transversal con adolescentes españoles/as (N = 942) revelan diferencias asociadas a la edad en las variables estudiadas, siendo los/as adolescentes de mayor edad quienes desean un nivel mayor de desigualdad económica, tienen más creencias meritocráticas generales y realizan más atribuciones causales externas de la pobreza. Los/as adolescentes más jóvenes muestran más apoyo a las creencias en la meritocracia en la escuela. A su vez, las creencias en la meritocracia escolar moderan la percepción de la desigualdad económica: según aumenta la desigualdad económica percibida, apoyar más la meritocracia correlaciona con mayor desigualdad económica ideal y menor apoyo a la acción colectiva. Las atribuciones causales de pobreza y la desigualdad económica ideal median parcialmente la relación entre la desigualdad económica percibida y el apoyo a la acción colectiva para reducir la desigualdad, explicando en parte la formación de actitudes hacia la desigualdad económica y su reducción. Nuestra investigación contribuye al estudio de la adolescencia, la desigualdad y el bienestar social, abriendo el camino a futuras intervenciones y políticas que promuevan la justicia social y el bienestar.
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